{"id":14411,"date":"2019-12-15T22:23:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-15T22:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/?p=14411"},"modified":"2019-12-15T22:28:40","modified_gmt":"2019-12-15T22:28:40","slug":"como-los-judios-expulsados-de-espana-constituyeron-una-diaspora-vinculada-al-25-de-la-poblacion-latinoamericanala-pelicula-hijos-de-la-inquisicion-sacude-la-vision-judia-de-la-histor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/2019\/12\/15\/como-los-judios-expulsados-de-espana-constituyeron-una-diaspora-vinculada-al-25-de-la-poblacion-latinoamericanala-pelicula-hijos-de-la-inquisicion-sacude-la-vision-judia-de-la-histor\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les Juifs expuls\u00e9s d&rsquo;Espagne ont constitu\u00e9 une diaspora li\u00e9e \u00e0 25% de la population latino-am\u00e9ricaine <br><i>Le film \u00ab Enfants de l\u2019Inquisition \u00bb bouscule la vision juive de l\u2019histoire et de l\u2019identit\u00e9 <\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_14415\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14415\" style=\"width: 126px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14415\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/aut_70101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"126\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/aut_70101.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/aut_70101-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14415\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/tlaxcala-int.org\/biographie.asp?ref_aut=7010&amp;lg_pp=fr\">Rich Tenori<\/a>o<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"sous_titre_pp\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><i>Interview du r\u00e9alisateur Joseph Lovett<\/i><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">R\u00e9cemment, la boucle de l\u2019histoire s\u2019est boucl\u00e9e lorsque plus de 100 000 descendants de S\u00e9farades du monde entier ont demand\u00e9 la citoyennet\u00e9 espagnole en vertu d\u2019une loi visant \u00e0 r\u00e9int\u00e9grer une population qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9e il y a plus de 500 ans. Ils se sont pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9s avant la date limite du 30 septembre 2019 en Espagne, mais le processus de citoyennet\u00e9 au Portugal est toujours ouvert aux personnes qui peuvent prouver leur lign\u00e9e juive s\u00e9farade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14416 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Mexican-Inquisition-painting-1024x6401-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Mexican-Inquisition-painting-1024x6401-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Mexican-Inquisition-painting-1024x6401-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Mexican-Inquisition-painting-1024x6401.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"texte1\">Une peinture repr\u00e9sentant l\u2019Inquisition mexicaine, montr\u00e9e dans \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb. (Lovett Productions)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">L\u2019\u00e9dit d\u2019expulsion de 1492 en Espagne for\u00e7a les Juifs s\u00e9farades \u00e0 se convertir au christianisme ou \u00e0 partir, ce qui provoqua une dispersion vers les Am\u00e9riques et le Moyen-Orient. En Espagne et dans ses nouvelles colonies am\u00e9ricaines, certains <em>conversos<\/em>, ou convertis juifs, ont gard\u00e9 leur foi d\u2019origine dans le secret, avec le risque d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9couverts et punis par l\u2019Inquisition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">La fermeture des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de candidature \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9 espagnole a constitu\u00e9 un moment opportun pour la projection, le 24 octobre au Centro Sefarad Israel de Madrid, d\u2019un nouveau documentaire sur le pass\u00e9, le pr\u00e9sent et l\u2019avenir des S\u00e9farades : \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb, [Enfants de l\u2019Inquisition], du cin\u00e9aste prim\u00e9 Joseph Lovett.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Ce film remet en question les id\u00e9es de chacun sur l\u2019histoire et l\u2019identit\u00e9 \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Lovett au <em>Times of Israel<\/em> le mois dernier. \u00ab Pour beaucoup de gens, \u00e7a remet en question leur propre identit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en premi\u00e8re cette ann\u00e9e au Festival du film juif de Seattle, le documentaire suit les nombreux chemins emprunt\u00e9s par les Juifs s\u00e9farades apr\u00e8s avoir re\u00e7u l\u2019ordre de se convertir ou de quitter aussi bien l\u2019Espagne que le Portugal voisin. Pour ce fim tourn\u00e9 dans 12 villes sur quatre continents, Lovett a interview\u00e9 des descendants de <em>conversos<\/em> ainsi que des experts universitaires. En ao\u00fbt, le film a remport\u00e9 le prix <em>Hearts, Minds and Souls [Coeurs, Esprits et \u00c2mes] <\/em>au Rhode Island International Film Festival et a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 faire son entr\u00e9e \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que du Congr\u00e8s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Interrog\u00e9 sur la question de la citoyennet\u00e9, M. Lovett a rappel\u00e9 le voyage des anc\u00eatres de sa belle-s\u0153ur Sylvia Moubayed \u2013 de l\u2019Espagne \u00e0 Izmir en passant par Rhodes et Alexandrie jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Rhode Island, o\u00f9 il est n\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 ce p\u00e9riple ancestral loin de l\u2019Espagne, M. Lovett indique que sa belle-s\u0153ur avait obtenu la citoyennet\u00e9 espagnole dans les ann\u00e9es 1960.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Je pense, de toute \u00e9vidence, que cela a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 possible \u00bb, a-t-il dit. \u00ab En l\u2019\u00e9tat actuel des choses, c\u2019est devenu tr\u00e8s inconfortable aux USA. De toute \u00e9vidence, de plus en plus de gens se tournent probablement vers la citoyennet\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Le tournage et le montage du film ont pris une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es ; son histoire remonte encore plus loin. Joseph Lovett a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 penser \u00e0 son sujet en 1958, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 13 ans, alors qu\u2019il grandissait \u00e0 Providence. Il fut intrigu\u00e9 lorsque son rabbin, William Braude du Temple Beth El, visita l\u2019Espagne franquiste pour interviewer des descendants de <em>conversos<\/em> et, \u00e0 son retour, fit un sermon intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Todos Catolicos \u00bb, ou \u00ab Nous sommes tous catholiques \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Personne [en Espagne] ne voulait lui parler \u00bb, raconte Joseph Lovett. \u00ab Ils ont litt\u00e9ralement dit : \u2018Nous sommes tous catholiques, nous avons toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 catholiques&rsquo; \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">M\u00eame des centaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9dit qui for\u00e7a les Juifs espagnols \u00e0 se convertir ou \u00e0 partir, \u00ab l\u2019ombre de l\u2019Inquisition planait tr\u00e8s lourdement sur l\u2019Espagne \u00bb, ajoute-t-il. \u00ab Personne n\u2019oserait envisager avoir une goutte de sang juif. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Et pourtant, se souvient-il, des t\u00e9moignages anecdotiques indiquent que certains ont conserv\u00e9 un vestige de leur foi ancestrale en ne se rendant pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9glise, en refusant un pr\u00eatre \u00e0 leurs fun\u00e9railles ou en couvrant des miroirs \u00e0 la maison pendant les p\u00e9riodes de deuil, une tradition juive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Juif ashk\u00e9naze, Joseph Lovett \u00e9tait intrigu\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire des S\u00e9farades, et con\u00e7ut, il y a plus de 20 ans, l\u2019id\u00e9e du film. Pendant ce temps, il accumulait de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience en travaillant \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, notamment pour l\u2019\u00e9mission d\u2019investigation \u00ab 20\/20 \u00bb, o\u00f9 il a perfectionn\u00e9 ses comp\u00e9tences d\u2019enqu\u00eateur sur des sujets tels que la crise du sida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Depuis, il est devenu documentariste. Tout en se sentant \u00ab assez comp\u00e9tent \u00bb pour s\u2019attaquer aux \u00ab Enfants de l\u2019Inquisition \u00bb, il est conscient qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un \u00ab projet tr\u00e8s ambitieux \u00bb<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14418 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Recife-Brazil_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-Artist-Carlos-De-Medeiros-and-his-cousin-Johnelson-explore-family-genealogy-640x4003-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"549\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Recife-Brazil_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-Artist-Carlos-De-Medeiros-and-his-cousin-Johnelson-explore-family-genealogy-640x4003-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Recife-Brazil_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-Artist-Carlos-De-Medeiros-and-his-cousin-Johnelson-explore-family-genealogy-640x4003.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1136685\" class=\"wp-caption size-fullscreen alignnone\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Le r\u00e9alisateur Joseph Lovett, l\u2019acteur Carlos de Medeiros et son cousin John Elson (de gauche \u00e0 droite) explorent la g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie familiale dans cet extrait de \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb. (Lovett Productions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Les exp\u00e9riences complexes des Juifs s\u00e9farades et de leurs descendants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crites de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9e. Comme l\u2019explique le film, ceux qui se convertissaient au christianisme \u00e9taient appel\u00e9s <em>conversos<\/em> ; ceux qui pratiquaient secr\u00e8tement le juda\u00efsme \u00e9taient appel\u00e9s <em>marranos<\/em>, ou porcs ; un autre terme, <em>Nuevos Cristianos<\/em>, ou nouveaux chr\u00e9tiens, distinguait les juifs convertis au christianisme des gens qui avaient toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 chr\u00e9tiens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab C\u2019\u00e9tait tr\u00e8s d\u00e9courageant \u00bb, se rappelle le documentariste \u00e0 propos du projet de film, d\u00e9crivant le sujet comme \u00ab parfois incompr\u00e9hensible, avec des changements de noms, d\u2019identit\u00e9s, de religions. C\u2019est tr\u00e8s, tr\u00e8s difficile \u00e0 suivre. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Il explore aussi l\u2019histoire des crypto-Juifs, ou convertis au christianisme qui pratiquaient le juda\u00efsme en secret, et des <em>anoussim<\/em>, individus juifs convertis de force et qui cherchent maintenant \u00e0 se reconnecter au juda\u00efsme. Joseph Lovett a projet\u00e9 des extraits du film \u00e0 Netanya lors de la premi\u00e8re conf\u00e9rence sur les <em>anoussim<\/em>, ainsi qu\u2019une version inachev\u00e9e \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9rence du Caucus de la Knesset en 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Se souvenir de la rivi\u00e8re de l\u2019oubli<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1136688\" class=\"wp-caption size-fullscreen alignright\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14419 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG-2178-300x4801-188x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG-2178-300x4801-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG-2178-300x4801.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Plusieurs ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du projet, le r\u00e9alisateur trouve une piste pour le film lorsqu\u2019il rencontre la journaliste du <em>New York Times<\/em> Doreen Carvajal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Alors qu\u2019elle est en reportage en Europe, elle se rend compte que son propre pass\u00e9 familial constitue une histoire. Dans une vid\u00e9o disponible sur le site du film, elle parle de son \u00e9ducation catholique avant d\u2019apprendre que son nom de famille est \u00ab un vieux nom juif s\u00e9farade \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Constatant la r\u00e9ticence de sa famille \u00e9largie \u00e0 aborder le sujet, Carvajal se lance alors dans ses propres recherches qu&rsquo;elle rapporte dans <em>The Forgetting River<\/em> [La rivi\u00e8re de l\u2019oubli]. Il s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 que ses anc\u00eatres faisaient partie de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre famille de <em>conversos<\/em> Avilas Davila \u00e0 S\u00e9govie, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis\u00a0 \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s-spectacle au 15e si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Oh mon Dieu, nous aurions pu faire toute l\u2019histoire sur elle \u00bb, s\u2019exclame Joseph Lovett, en d\u00e9crivant le r\u00e9cit de sa famille comme \u00ab une fen\u00eatre ouverte sur l\u2019histoire \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Lovett et Carvajal enqu\u00eatent sur les origines familiales de la journaliste \u2013 d\u2019abord \u00e0 Dallas, au Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes crypto-juives. Puis, le duo se rend en Espagne pour poursuivre ses recherches dans des archives s\u00e9culaires avec le sp\u00e9cialiste David Gitlitz, que Lovett d\u00e9crit comme un brillant chercheur et expert de la famille Carvajal, y compris ses branches en Espagne et au Mexique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Le 16\u00e8me arri\u00e8re-grand-p\u00e8re de Carvajal, Diego Avilas Davila, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 converti au christianisme quand il \u00e9tait enfant, puis dev\u00eent ministre des Finances du roi Henri IV de Castille, le grand fr\u00e8re de la reine Isabelle la Catholique. Son fils, Juan, dev\u00eent \u00e9v\u00eaque de S\u00e9govie. Le proc\u00e8s-spectacle avait pour but de le salir en d\u00e9nigrant ses parents juda\u00efsants, explique Joesph Lovett.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14420 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Toledo-Cathedral_s-archives_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-and-Carmen-Gomez-Gomez-with-14th-century-tax-document-1024x6401-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Toledo-Cathedral_s-archives_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-and-Carmen-Gomez-Gomez-with-14th-century-tax-document-1024x6401-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Toledo-Cathedral_s-archives_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-and-Carmen-Gomez-Gomez-with-14th-century-tax-document-1024x6401-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Toledo-Cathedral_s-archives_-Director-Joseph-Lovett-and-Carmen-Gomez-Gomez-with-14th-century-tax-document-1024x6401.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1136668\" class=\"wp-caption size-fullscreen alignnone\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Le r\u00e9alisateur Joseph Lovett avec Carmen Gomez Gomez, examinant un document fiscal du 14e si\u00e8cle dans les archives de la cath\u00e9drale de Tol\u00e8de, dans cet extrait de \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb. (Lovett Productions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les histoires de Carvajal et d\u2019autres s\u2019accumulent, le film garde trace des nombreuses destinations de leurs familles sur une carte. \u00ab Les gens adorent les cartes \u00bb, dit Lovett. \u00ab \u00c7a les aide \u00e0 garder le cap, si vous voulez. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Certains Juifs partirent pour l\u2019Empire ottoman, accueillis par le sultan Bajazet II pour y pratiquer ouvertement leur culte. \u00ab Pour la plupart, ils \u00e9taient prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par les Ottomans, dit Lovett. \u00ab Le monde \u00e9tait diff\u00e9rent. Les relations jud\u00e9o-musulmanes \u00e9taient diff\u00e9rentes. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Dans ce qui \u00e9tait alors la ville ottomane de Salonique (aujourd\u2019hui Thessalonique, en Gr\u00e8ce), les Juifs formaient ce qui \u00e9tait probablement la plus grande concentration de S\u00e9farades du monde, selon le film. Plus tard, l\u2019histoire tourna au tragique : la communaut\u00e9 fut d\u00e9truite lors de la Shoah, avec 45 000 Juifs de Salonique d\u00e9port\u00e9s \u00e0 Auschwitz entre mars et ao\u00fbt 1943. Apr\u00e8s des recherches sur cette communaut\u00e9, M. Lovett a interview\u00e9 Devin Naar, un sp\u00e9cialiste des S\u00e9farades et de leur langue, le ladino, dont les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents familiaux refl\u00e8tent les vicissitudes de l\u2019histoire. Dans le film, l\u2019arri\u00e8re-grand-p\u00e8re de Naar est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 avec un fez ottoman\u00a0 \u00e0 Salonique. Une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration plus tard, le fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 du grand-p\u00e8re de Naar et sa famille furent d\u00e9port\u00e9s de Salonique \u00e0 Auschwitz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nouveau monde, m\u00eame histoire<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tandis que certains S\u00e9farades se dirigeaient vers l\u2019est, d\u2019autres \u2013 nominalement chr\u00e9tiens \u2013 voyag\u00e8rent vers l\u2019ouest, vers le Nouveau Monde, esp\u00e9rant que l\u2019Inquisition ne serait pas aussi forte de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019Atlantique. Parmi eux, trois membres de l\u2019\u00e9quipage du premier voyage de Christophe Colomb en Am\u00e9rique. Leurs coreligionnaires furent d\u2019abord accueillis au Portugal apr\u00e8s l\u2019adoption de l\u2019\u00e9dit espagnol, mais en 1497, les Juifs portugais re\u00e7urent l\u2019ordre de se convertir \u00e9galement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Le film se penche sur le sort des S\u00e9farades dans la colonie alors portugaise du Br\u00e9sil \u2013 dont Branca Dias, une femme poursuivie par l\u2019Inquisition pour avoir pratiqu\u00e9 le juda\u00efsme en secret ; son descendant br\u00e9silien, l\u2019artiste Carlos De Medeiros, est interview\u00e9 par Joseph Lovett.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14421 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Camerajibe-Brazil-Colonial-home-of-Branca-Dias-with-Suzana-Veiga-and-Carlos-de-Medeiros-640x4001-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"579\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Camerajibe-Brazil-Colonial-home-of-Branca-Dias-with-Suzana-Veiga-and-Carlos-de-Medeiros-640x4001-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Camerajibe-Brazil-Colonial-home-of-Branca-Dias-with-Suzana-Veiga-and-Carlos-de-Medeiros-640x4001.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 579px) 100vw, 579px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1136732\" class=\"wp-caption size-fullscreen alignnone\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>La maison coloniale br\u00e9silienne de Branca Dias, avec Suzana Veiga et Carlos de Medeiros dans cet extrait de \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb. (Lovett Productions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Citant des statistiques selon lesquelles 25 % des colons du Nouveau Monde \u00e9taient juifs et que 25 % de tous les habitants de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine sont porteurs de l\u2019ADN juif [<em>sic<\/em>], le r\u00e9alisateur estime que \u00ab cette diaspora a chang\u00e9 le monde \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A El Paso, au Texas, le r\u00e9alisateur a interview\u00e9 le rabbin Stephen Leon de la congr\u00e9gation B\u2019Nai Zion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Dix pour cent [de sa congr\u00e9gation] sont d\u2019origine mexicano-am\u00e9ricaine \u00bb, explique M. Lovett, d\u00e9crivant ces personnes comme \u00e9tant catholiques et venant de familles de <em>conversos<\/em>, dont un jeune homme de Juarez, au Mexique, qui s\u2019est mis \u00e0 chercher des informations sur son ascendance lorsque sa m\u00e8re a arr\u00eat\u00e9 d\u2019allumer des bougies quand sa grand-m\u00e8re est morte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Le film d\u00e9peint d\u2019autres descendants de <em>conversos<\/em> de B\u2019Nai Zion en proie \u00e0 des questions d\u2019identit\u00e9 \u2013 dont Guadalupe Ramos, qui d\u00e9cide finalement de s\u2019immerger dans un mikv\u00e9, ou bain rituel juif, dans le cadre d\u2019une conversion officielle au juda\u00efsme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14422 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-El-Paso-Texas-Peter-Svarzbein-with-Kosher-taco-menu-640x4001-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"588\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-El-Paso-Texas-Peter-Svarzbein-with-Kosher-taco-menu-640x4001-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-El-Paso-Texas-Peter-Svarzbein-with-Kosher-taco-menu-640x4001.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Peter Svarzbein d\u2019El Paso, Texas, avec un menu taco casher dans le film \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb. (Lovett Productions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Un voyage en Jama\u00efque pour une conf\u00e9rence sur la diaspora juive portugaise a aid\u00e9 le documentariste \u00e0 comprendre d\u2019autres complexit\u00e9s. Il a interview\u00e9 des Juifs jama\u00efcains comme Ainsley Cohen Henriques et sa fille, l\u2019artiste et \u00e9crivaine Anna Ruth Henriques, dont l\u2019\u0153uvre de 1997 The Book of Mechtilde est une ode \u00e0 sa d\u00e9funte m\u00e8re, Sheila Mechtilde Henriques, une ancienne Miss Jama\u00efque d\u2019origine chinoise et afro-carib\u00e9enne. Dans le film, Joseph Lovett s\u2019entretient avec des Jama\u00efcains afro-carib\u00e9ens juifs ou qui explorent l\u2019identit\u00e9 juive, dont le cantor Winston Mendes Davidson et la dramaturge Angela McNab.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14423 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Kingston-Jamaica_-Sha_are-Shalom-Synagogue_-Cantor-Winston-G-Mendes-Davidson-MD-640x4001-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"589\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Kingston-Jamaica_-Sha_are-Shalom-Synagogue_-Cantor-Winston-G-Mendes-Davidson-MD-640x4001-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Children-of-the-Inquisition-Kingston-Jamaica_-Sha_are-Shalom-Synagogue_-Cantor-Winston-G-Mendes-Davidson-MD-640x4001.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Le cantor Winston G. Mendes Davidson \u00e0 la synagogue Shaare Shalom de Kingston, en Jama\u00efque, dans cet extrait de \u00ab Children of the Inquisition \u00bb. (Lovett Productions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Tout \u00e0 coup, le fait d\u2019\u00eatre juif a pris une couleur diff\u00e9rente \u00bb, se souvient M. Lovett, d\u00e9crivant des cimeti\u00e8res juifs o\u00f9 \u00ab on peut voir des familles juives blanches \u2013 p\u00e8re, m\u00e8re et enfants \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s, Isaacs, Rachels, Rebecca \u2013 et juste derri\u00e8re le p\u00e8re reposent sa femme africaine et ses enfants. C\u2019est le m\u00eame cimeti\u00e8re, la m\u00eame concession familiale. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">En montrant la diversit\u00e9 des parcours des diverses personnes refl\u00e9t\u00e9es dans la diaspora s\u00e9farade et les nombreuses fa\u00e7ons dont ces personnes se rapportent \u00e0 leur foi aujourd\u2019hui, Joesph Lovett esp\u00e8re que le public en sortira avec une nouvelle compr\u00e9hension du juda\u00efsme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab Il y a beaucoup de disparit\u00e9 dans la fa\u00e7on dont les gens se voient les uns les autres \u00bb, d\u00e9crit le documentariste. \u00ab Tous les Juifs ne sont pas des Europ\u00e9ens blonds aux yeux bleus, ni des M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens aux yeux bruns et \u00e0 la peau olive\u2026 Alors que le monde change\u2026 il est tr\u00e8s important d\u2019\u00eatre respectueux de l\u2019attitude des gens vis-\u00e0-vis de la jud\u00e9it\u00e9. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"vimeo-player\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/255768057\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div><strong><span class=\"auteur\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/tlaxcala-int.org\/biographie.asp?ref_aut=7010&amp;lg_pp=fr\">Rich Tenorio<\/a> <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Original: <span class=\"navigation_cadre\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tlaxcala-int.org\/article.asp?reference=27625\">How Jews expelled from Spain forged a diaspora with ties to 25% of Latin America\u2019s population<br \/>\n<i>Film \u2018Children of the Inquisition\u2019 challenges Jews&rsquo; ideas of history and identity<\/i><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Traductions disponibles: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/2019\/12\/15\/como-los-judios-expulsados-de-espana-constituyeron-una-diaspora-vinculada-al-25-de-la-poblacion-latinoamericanala-pelicula-hijos-de-la-inquisicion-sacude-la-vision-judia-de-la-histor\/\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/tlaxcala-int.org\/article.asp?reference=27626\">Tlaxcala <\/a>le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2019<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Publi\u00e9 par <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"envoi\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.timesofisrael.com\/juifs-expulses-despagne-une-diaspora-liee-a-25-de-lamerique-latine\/?fbclid=IwAR1IXQPrCYvuuyTQhmXfwh95Wox5sTQIlFRvNJv6BDXNhlfhPALcpitK8zI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Times of Israel<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"msdkkjabndbfapipHoverContainer\" class=\"pipHoverScaleup\" style=\"z-index: 20002; display: none;\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"pipHoverIcon\" 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descendants<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":14425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,217],"tags":[7318,7308,7312,7317,7307,7309,7319,7310,7311,7306,7316,7314,7305,7320,7313],"coauthors":[759],"class_list":["post-14411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-abya-yala","tag-anoussim","tag-anusim","tag-bayazid-ii","tag-conversos-et-marranes","tag-conversos-y-marranos","tag-decretos-de-expulsion-de-judios","tag-decrets-dexpulsion-des-juifs-despagne","tag-exilio-sefardi","tag-impero-otomano","tag-inquisicion","tag-inquisition","tag-judios-en-abya-yala","tag-judios-sefardies","tag-juifs-dabya-yala","tag-rich-tenorio"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["es","fr"],"languages":{"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14411"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14427,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14411\/revisions\/14427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14411"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lapluma.net\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=14411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}